Kaffir folk-lore, Story of the Wonderful Horns., sentence 30
He spoke to his horns, and a new mantle and handsome ornaments came out.
Who acts: body, new mantle · What happens: speak, come out · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Wonderful Horns.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (body, new mantle), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 spoke | nsubj |
| 2 | spoke | speak | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | to | to | ADP | _ | 5 horns | case |
| 4 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 horns | nmod:poss |
| 5 | horns | horn | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 spoke | obl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 came | punct |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 came | cc |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 mantle | det |
| 9 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 mantle | amod |
| 10 | mantle | mantle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 came | nsubj |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 ornaments | cc |
| 12 | handsome | handsome | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 ornaments | amod |
| 13 | ornaments | ornament | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 mantle | conj |
| 14 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 spoke | conj |
| 15 | out | out | ADV | _ | 14 came | advmod |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 spoke | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | speak speech: other | past | body | to body's horns | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to horn=Co-Agent | ||||
| 2 | come out | past | a new mantle and handsome ornaments | out property | vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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