Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of the Glutton., sentence 11
She came down from her hiding-place, and took up a stone used for raising pots above the fire (called isoko), and went again into her hiding-place.
Who acts: woman, fire · What happens: come down, take up, use, call, go · To what, where: hiding place, stone, isoko · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of the Glutton.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (woman, fire), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | She | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 came | nsubj |
| 2 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | down | down | ADV | _ | 2 came | advmod |
| 4 | from | from | ADP | _ | 8 place | case |
| 5 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 place | nmod:poss |
| 6 | hiding | hiding | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 place | compound |
| 7 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 6 hiding | punct |
| 8 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 came | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 took | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 took | cc |
| 11 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 came | conj |
| 12 | up | up | ADP | _ | 11 took | compound:prt |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 stone | det |
| 14 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 took | obj |
| 15 | used | use | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 stone | acl |
| 16 | for | for | ADP | _ | 18 pots | case |
| 17 | raising | raising | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 pots | compound |
| 18 | pots | pot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 used | obl |
| 19 | above | above | ADP | _ | 21 fire | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 fire | det |
| 21 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 pots | nmod |
| 22 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 23 called | punct |
| 23 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 21 fire | acl |
| 24 | isoko | isoko | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 called | xcomp |
| 25 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 23 called | punct |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 went | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 went | cc |
| 28 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 took | conj |
| 29 | again | again | ADV | _ | 28 went | advmod |
| 30 | into | into | ADP | _ | 34 place | case |
| 31 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 34 place | nmod:poss |
| 32 | hiding | hiding | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 place | compound |
| 33 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 32 hiding | punct |
| 34 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 went | obl |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 came | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come down | past | woman | woman's hiding place | down property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from place=Initial_Location | |||
| 2 | take up | past | woman not said here | a stone | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stone=Theme | ||||
| 3 | use | participle | a stone not said here | for raising pots above the fire | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | call | participle | the fire not said here | isoko | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | go | past | woman not said here | woman's hiding place | again | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme into place=Initial_Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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