Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of the Glutton., sentence 14
Outside they held a consultation, and their chief decided that those living in holes should go to the holes, that those living in forests should go to the forests, and that those living in rivers should go to the rivers.
Who acts: animals, chief, living holes, living forests, those · What happens: hold, decide, live, go · To what, where: consultation, holes, forests, rivers · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of the Glutton.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (animals, chief, living holes, living forests), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Outside | outside | ADV | _ | 3 held | advmod |
| 2 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 held | nsubj |
| 3 | held | hold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 consultation | det |
| 5 | consultation | consultation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 held | obj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 decided | punct |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 decided | cc |
| 8 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 chief | nmod:poss |
| 9 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 decided | nsubj |
| 10 | decided | decide | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 held | conj |
| 11 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 17 go | mark |
| 12 | those | that | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 15 holes | det |
| 13 | living | live | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 15 holes | amod |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 holes | case |
| 15 | holes | hole | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 go | nsubj |
| 16 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 17 go | aux |
| 17 | go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 decided | ccomp |
| 18 | to | to | ADP | _ | 20 holes | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 holes | det |
| 20 | holes | hole | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 go | obl |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 go | punct |
| 22 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 28 go | mark |
| 23 | those | that | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 26 forests | det |
| 24 | living | live | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 26 forests | amod |
| 25 | in | in | ADP | _ | 26 forests | case |
| 26 | forests | forest | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 go | nsubj |
| 27 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 28 go | aux |
| 28 | go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 go | conj |
| 29 | to | to | ADP | _ | 31 forests | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 forests | det |
| 31 | forests | forest | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 go | obl |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 go | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 go | cc |
| 34 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 40 go | mark |
| 35 | those | that | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 40 go | nsubj |
| 36 | living | live | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 35 those | acl |
| 37 | in | in | ADP | _ | 38 rivers | case |
| 38 | rivers | river | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 living | obl |
| 39 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 40 go | aux |
| 40 | go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 held | advcl |
| 41 | to | to | ADP | _ | 43 rivers | case |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 rivers | det |
| 43 | rivers | river | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 go | obl |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 held | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hold | past | animals = animal | a consultation | outside property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent consultation=Theme | |||
| 2 | decide | past | animals's chief | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | live | gerund | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 4 | go | should | that living holes | the holes | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to hole=Initial_Location | ||||
| 5 | live | gerund | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 6 | go | should | that living forests | the forests | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to forest=Initial_Location | ||||
| 7 | live | gerund | rivers | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in river=Location | |||||
| 8 | go | should | those | the rivers | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to river=Initial_Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/22/14/