Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of the Glutton., sentence 28
The glutton stumbled, and fell into a thorny bush, where he was held fast.
Who acts: glutton · What happens: stumble, fall, hold · To what, where: thorny bush, chief
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of the Glutton.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (glutton), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 glutton | det |
| 2 | glutton | glutton | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 stumbled | nsubj |
| 3 | stumbled | stumble | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 fell | punct |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 fell | cc |
| 6 | fell | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 stumbled | conj |
| 7 | into | into | ADP | _ | 10 bush | case |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 bush | det |
| 9 | thorny | thorny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 bush | amod |
| 10 | bush | bush | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 fell | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 held | punct |
| 12 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 15 held | advmod |
| 13 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 held | nsubj |
| 14 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 held | aux:pass |
| 15 | held | hold | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 bush | acl:relcl |
| 16 | fast | fast | ADV | Degree=Pos | 15 held | advmod |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 stumbled | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | stumble | past | the glutton | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | fall | past | the glutton not said here | into a thorny bush result | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into bush=Result | ||||
| 3 | hold | past · passive | chief | fast property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/22/28/