Kaffir folk-lore, Story of the Great Chief of the Animals., sentence 10
The animal replied: “Come nearer, I cannot hear you.”
Who acts: animal · What happens: reply, come, not hear · To what, where: you · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Great Chief of the Animals.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (animal), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 animal | det |
| 2 | animal | animal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 replied | nsubj |
| 3 | replied | reply | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 6 Come | punct |
| 5 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 Come | punct |
| 6 | Come | come | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 replied | ccomp |
| 7 | nearer | near | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 6 Come | xcomp |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 hear | punct |
| 9 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 12 hear | nsubj |
| 10 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 12 hear | aux |
| 11 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 12 hear | advmod |
| 12 | hear | hear | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 Come | conj |
| 13 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 12 hear | obj |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 Come | punct |
| 15 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 Come | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | reply speech: assert | past | the animal | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | come in a quote | infinitive | near property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | not hear in a quote | can | the animal = animal | you | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer you=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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