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Kaffir folk-lore, Story of the Great Chief of the Animals., sentence 20

The monkey returned and said: “Those whose home is on the mountains must hasten to the mountains; those whose home is on the plains must hasten to the plains; as for me, I go to the rocks.”

Who acts: monkey, home, mountains, plains · What happens: return, say, be, hasten, go · To what, where: mountains, plains, rocks · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Great Chief of the Animals.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (monkey, home, mountains, plains), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

detnsubjccconjpunctpunctdetnmod:possnsubjcopcasedetnsubjauxccompcasedetoblpunctdetnmod:possnsubjcopcasedetnsubjauxparataxiscasedetoblpunctcasefixedoblpunctnsubjconjcasedetoblpunctpunctrootTheDETmonkeyNOUNreturnedVERBandCCONJsaidVERB:PUNCT“PUNCTThoseDETwhosePRONhomeNOUNisAUXonADPtheDETmountainsNOUNmustAUXhastenVERBtoADPtheDETmountainsNOUN;PUNCTthoseDETwhosePRONhomeNOUNisAUXonADPtheDETplainsNOUNmustAUXhastenVERBtoADPtheDETplainsNOUN;PUNCTasADPforADPmePRON,PUNCTIPRONgoVERBtoADPtheDETrocksNOUN.PUNCT”PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1ThetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art2 monkeydet
2monkeymonkeyNOUNNumber=Sing3 returnednsubj
3returnedreturnVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Finrootroot
4andandCCONJ_5 saidcc
5saidsayVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin3 returnedconj
6::PUNCT_16 hastenpunct
7“"PUNCT_16 hastenpunct
8ThosethatDETNumber=Plur PronType=Dem10 homedet
9whosewhosePRONPoss=Yes PronType=Rel10 homenmod:poss
10homehomeNOUNNumber=Sing14 mountainsnsubj
11isbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin14 mountainscop
12ononADP_14 mountainscase
13thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art14 mountainsdet
14mountainsmountainNOUNNumber=Plur16 hastennsubj
15mustmustAUXVerbForm=Fin16 hastenaux
16hastenhastenVERBVerbForm=Inf5 saidccomp
17totoADP_19 mountainscase
18thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art19 mountainsdet
19mountainsmountainNOUNNumber=Plur16 hastenobl
20;;PUNCT_29 hastenpunct
21thosethatDETNumber=Plur PronType=Dem23 homedet
22whosewhosePRONPoss=Yes PronType=Rel23 homenmod:poss
23homehomeNOUNNumber=Sing27 plainsnsubj
24isbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin27 plainscop
25ononADP_27 plainscase
26thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art27 plainsdet
27plainsplainNOUNNumber=Plur29 hastennsubj
28mustmustAUXVerbForm=Fin29 hastenaux
29hastenhastenVERBVerbForm=Inf3 returnedparataxis
30totoADP_32 plainscase
31thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art32 plainsdet
32plainsplainNOUNNumber=Plur29 hastenobl
33;;PUNCT_36 mepunct
34asasADPExtPos=ADP36 mecase
35forforADP_34 asfixed
36meIPRONCase=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs29 hastenobl
37,,PUNCT_39 gopunct
38IIPRONCase=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs39 gonsubj
39gogoVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin29 hastenconj
40totoADP_42 rockscase
41thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art42 rocksdet
42rocksrockNOUNNumber=Plur39 goobl
43..PUNCT_3 returnedpunct
44”"PUNCT_3 returnedpunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1returnpastthe monkeytree rules
2say speech: assertpastthe monkey not said herevn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3is in a quotepresentthe mountains's homethe mountainstree rules
4hasten in a quotemustthe mountainsthe mountainsvn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to mountain=Destination
5is in a quotepresentthe plains's homethe plainstree rules
6hasten in a quotemustthe plainsthe plainsas the monkey = monkeyvn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to plain=Destination
7go in a quotepresentthe monkey = monkeythe rocksvn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to rock=Initial_Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/23/20/