Kaffir folk-lore, Story of the Great Chief of the Animals., sentence 8
Then the woman gathered some dry wood, and sharpened two pieces of iron, which she took with her and went along the path.
Who acts: woman, two pieces · What happens: gather, sharpen, take, go · To what, where: dry wood, two pieces, path
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Great Chief of the Animals.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (woman, two pieces), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 gathered | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 woman | det |
| 3 | woman | woman | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 gathered | nsubj |
| 4 | gathered | gather | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 7 wood | det |
| 6 | dry | dry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 wood | amod |
| 7 | wood | wood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 gathered | obj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 sharpened | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 sharpened | cc |
| 10 | sharpened | sharpen | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 gathered | conj |
| 11 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 12 pieces | nummod |
| 12 | pieces | piece | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 sharpened | obj |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 iron | case |
| 14 | iron | iron | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 pieces | nmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 took | punct |
| 16 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 18 took | nsubj |
| 17 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 took | nsubj |
| 18 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 pieces | acl:relcl |
| 19 | with | with | ADP | _ | 20 her | case |
| 20 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 took | obl |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 went | cc |
| 22 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 took | conj |
| 23 | along | along | ADP | _ | 25 path | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 path | det |
| 25 | path | path | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 went | obl |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 gathered | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | gather | past | the woman | some dry wood | then | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wood=Theme | |||
| 2 | sharpen | participle | the woman not said here | two pieces of iron | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent piece=Patient | ||||
| 3 | take | past | two pieces of iron | with woman | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | go | past | two pieces of iron not said here | the path | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme along path=Initial_Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/23/8/