Kaffir folk-lore, Story of the Hare., sentence 36
The bluebuck saw what had happened and cried out: “The fat belonging to all the animals has been eaten by the inkalimeva.”
Who acts: bluebuck, fat, inkalimeva · What happens: see, happen, cry out, belong, eat · To what, where: fat · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Hare.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bluebuck, fat, inkalimeva), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 bluebuck | det |
| 2 | bluebuck | bluebuck | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 saw | nsubj |
| 3 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 6 happened | nsubj |
| 5 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 happened | aux |
| 6 | happened | happen | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 3 saw | ccomp |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 cried | cc |
| 8 | cried | cry | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 6 happened | conj |
| 9 | out | out | ADP | _ | 8 cried | compound:prt |
| 10 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 21 eaten | punct |
| 11 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 21 eaten | punct |
| 12 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 fat | det |
| 13 | fat | fat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 eaten | nsubj |
| 14 | belonging | belong | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 13 fat | acl |
| 15 | to | to | ADP | _ | 18 animals | case |
| 16 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 18 animals | det:predet |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 animals | det |
| 18 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 belonging | obl |
| 19 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 eaten | aux |
| 20 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 21 eaten | aux:pass |
| 21 | eaten | eat | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 saw | conj |
| 22 | by | by | ADP | _ | 24 inkalimeva | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 inkalimeva | det |
| 24 | inkalimeva | inkalimeva | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 eaten | obl |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 21 eaten | punct |
| 26 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 21 eaten | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | the bluebuck | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 2 | happen | past · perfect | what nsubj | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | cry out speech: express | participle | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 4 | belong in a quote | gerund | the fat not said here | to all animals | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | eat in a quote | present · perfect · passive | the inkalimeva | the fat | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/24/36/