Kaffir folk-lore, Story of the Hare., sentence 40
It said to the porcupine: “Let us run a race against each other.”
Who acts: porcupine, us · What happens: say, let, run · To what, where: porcupine, us, race, each · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Hare.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (porcupine, us), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 said | nsubj |
| 2 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | to | to | ADP | _ | 5 porcupine | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 porcupine | det |
| 5 | porcupine | porcupine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 said | obl |
| 6 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 8 Let | punct |
| 7 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 8 Let | punct |
| 8 | Let | let | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 said | ccomp |
| 9 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 8 Let | obj |
| 10 | run | run | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 Let | xcomp |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 race | det |
| 12 | race | race | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 run | obj |
| 13 | against | against | ADP | _ | 14 each | case |
| 14 | each | each | DET | ExtPos=PRON PronType=Rcp | 10 run | obl |
| 15 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 each | fixed |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 Let | punct |
| 17 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 8 Let | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | porcupine | the porcupine | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to porcupine=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | let in a quote | infinitive | us | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | run in a quote | infinitive | us not said here | a race | each | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent race=Theme against each=Trajectory |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/24/40/