Kaffir folk-lore, Story of the Hare., sentence 47
When it had finished eating, it threw a stone at the porcupine, which caused him to jump up.
Who acts: fat, porcupine, inkalimeva · What happens: finish, eat, throw, cause, jump up · To what, where: fat, stone, inkalimeva
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Hare.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fat, porcupine, inkalimeva), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 4 finished | advmod |
| 2 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 finished | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 finished | aux |
| 4 | finished | finish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 threw | advcl |
| 5 | eating | eat | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 4 finished | xcomp |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 finished | punct |
| 7 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 threw | nsubj |
| 8 | threw | throw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 stone | det |
| 10 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 threw | obj |
| 11 | at | at | ADP | _ | 13 porcupine | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 porcupine | det |
| 13 | porcupine | porcupine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 threw | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 caused | punct |
| 15 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 16 caused | nsubj |
| 16 | caused | cause | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 porcupine | acl:relcl |
| 17 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 caused | obj |
| 18 | to | to | PART | _ | 19 jump | mark |
| 19 | jump | jump | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 16 caused | xcomp |
| 20 | up | up | ADP | _ | 19 jump | compound:prt |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 threw | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | finish | past · perfect · passive | fat | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | eat | gerund | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 3 | throw | past | fat | a stone | at the porcupine | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent stone=Theme at porcupine=Destination | |||
| 4 | cause | past | the porcupine | inkalimeva | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | jump up | to-infinitive | inkalimeva not said here | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/24/47/