Kaffir folk-lore, Story of the Hare., sentence 52
He said: “The coney is dead, and the muishond is dead, and the duiker is dead, and the bluebuck is dead, and the porcupine is dead, and you will kill me also.”
Who acts: hare, coney, muishond, duiker, bluebuck, porcupine · What happens: say, be, kill · To what, where: hare · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Hare.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hare, coney, muishond, duiker), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 said | nsubj |
| 2 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 8 dead | punct |
| 4 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 8 dead | punct |
| 5 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 coney | det |
| 6 | coney | coney | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 dead | nsubj |
| 7 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 dead | cop |
| 8 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 said | ccomp |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 dead | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 dead | cc |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 muishond | det |
| 12 | muishond | muishond | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 dead | nsubj |
| 13 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 dead | cop |
| 14 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 dead | conj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 dead | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 dead | cc |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 duiker | det |
| 18 | duiker | duiker | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 dead | nsubj |
| 19 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 dead | cop |
| 20 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 dead | conj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 dead | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 dead | cc |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 bluebuck | det |
| 24 | bluebuck | bluebuck | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 dead | nsubj |
| 25 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 dead | cop |
| 26 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 dead | conj |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 dead | punct |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 dead | cc |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 porcupine | det |
| 30 | porcupine | porcupine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 dead | nsubj |
| 31 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 dead | cop |
| 32 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 dead | conj |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 kill | punct |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 kill | cc |
| 35 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 37 kill | nsubj |
| 36 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 37 kill | aux |
| 37 | kill | kill | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 said | ccomp |
| 38 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 37 kill | obj |
| 39 | also | also | ADV | _ | 37 kill | advmod |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 37 kill | punct |
| 41 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 37 kill | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | hare | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | is in a quote | present | the coney | dead property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | is in a quote | present | the muishond | dead property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | is in a quote | present | the duiker | dead property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | is in a quote | present | the bluebuck | dead property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | is in a quote | present | the porcupine | dead property | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | kill in a quote | future | you | hare | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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