Kaffir folk-lore, Story of Lion and Little Jackal., sentence 64
His wife said: “Is it you who sent Little Jackal to beat me and my children, and is it you who sent this shin?
Who acts: wife, family, you · What happens: say, be, send, beat · To what, where: you, Little Jackal, wife, shin · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of Lion and Little Jackal.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wife, family, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | His | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 wife | nmod:poss |
| 2 | wife | wife | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 said | nsubj |
| 3 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 8 you | punct |
| 5 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 8 you | punct |
| 6 | Is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 you | cop |
| 7 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 you | nsubj |
| 8 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 10 sent | nsubj |
| 9 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 10 sent | nsubj |
| 10 | sent | send | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 said | ccomp |
| 11 | Little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 Jackal | amod |
| 12 | Jackal | Jackal | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 sent | obj |
| 13 | to | to | PART | _ | 14 beat | mark |
| 14 | beat | beat | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 sent | advcl |
| 15 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 14 beat | obj |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 children | cc |
| 17 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 children | nmod:poss |
| 18 | children | child | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 me | conj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 sent | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 sent | cc |
| 21 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 you | cop |
| 22 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 you | nsubj |
| 23 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 25 sent | nsubj |
| 24 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 25 sent | nsubj |
| 25 | sent | send | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 said | conj |
| 26 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 27 shin | det |
| 27 | shin | shin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 sent | obj |
| 28 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 3 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: ask | past | Lion's wife | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | is a in a quote | present | family | you | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | send in a quote | past | you | Little Jackal | who nsubj | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent jackal=Theme | |||
| 4 | beat in a quote | to-infinitive | you not said here | Lion's wife = wife | vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location i=Theme | ||||
| 5 | is a in a quote | present | family | you | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | send in a quote | past | you | this shin | who nsubj | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shin=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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