Kaffir folk-lore, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions., sentence 110
This proverb is used when one asks another for anything, and implies, If you do not give to me now, I will not give to you when I have anything that you would like a share of.
Who acts: one, you, I · What happens: use, ask, imply, not give, have, like · To what, where: proverb, another, me, you, anything, share
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (one, you, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | This | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 2 proverb | det |
| 2 | proverb | proverb | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 used | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 used | aux:pass |
| 4 | used | use | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 7 asks | advmod |
| 6 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 7 asks | nsubj |
| 7 | asks | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 used | parataxis |
| 8 | another | another | DET | PronType=Ind | 7 asks | obj |
| 9 | for | for | ADP | _ | 10 anything | case |
| 10 | anything | anything | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 7 asks | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 implies | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 implies | cc |
| 13 | implies | imply | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 used | parataxis |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 give | punct |
| 15 | If | if | SCONJ | _ | 19 give | mark |
| 16 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 19 give | nsubj |
| 17 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 give | aux |
| 18 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 19 give | advmod |
| 19 | give | give | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 13 implies | ccomp |
| 20 | to | to | ADP | _ | 21 me | case |
| 21 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 19 give | obl |
| 22 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 19 give | advmod |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 give | punct |
| 24 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 27 give | nsubj |
| 25 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 27 give | aux |
| 26 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 27 give | advmod |
| 27 | give | give | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 19 give | conj |
| 28 | to | to | ADP | _ | 29 you | case |
| 29 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 27 give | obl |
| 30 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 32 have | advmod |
| 31 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 32 have | nsubj |
| 32 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 give | advcl |
| 33 | anything | anything | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 32 have | obj |
| 34 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 37 like | obj |
| 35 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 37 like | nsubj |
| 36 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 37 like | aux |
| 37 | like | like | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 33 anything | acl:relcl |
| 38 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 39 share | det |
| 39 | share | share | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 like | obj |
| 40 | of | of | ADP | _ | 39 share | case |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 used | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | use | present · passive | this proverb | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | |||||
| 2 | ask speech: ask | present | one | another | for anything | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent another=Recipient | |||
| 3 | imply | present | vn indicate-78 «NP V how S»: agent=Pivot clause=Topic | ||||||
| 4 | not give a condition, not said to happen | present · do-support | you | me | now | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to i=Recipient | |||
| 5 | not give | future | I | you | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to you=Recipient | ||||
| 6 | have | present | I | anything | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent anything=Patient | ||||
| 7 | like | would | you | a share | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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