Kaffir folk-lore, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions., sentence 114
It first arose from the heavy demands made by Lord Charles Somerset upon the Gaikas in return for English protection, but the Kaffirs maintain that we have acted up to the description ever since.
Who acts: sun, Kaffirs, we · What happens: arise, make, maintain, act up · To what, where: heavy demands, return
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sun, Kaffirs, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 arose | nsubj |
| 2 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 3 arose | advmod |
| 3 | arose | arise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | from | from | ADP | _ | 7 demands | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 demands | det |
| 6 | heavy | heavy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 demands | amod |
| 7 | demands | demand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 arose | obl |
| 8 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 demands | acl |
| 9 | by | by | ADP | _ | 11 Charles | case |
| 10 | Lord | Lord | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 Charles | compound |
| 11 | Charles | Charles | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 made | obl:agent |
| 12 | Somerset | Somerset | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 Charles | flat |
| 13 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 15 Gaikas | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 Gaikas | det |
| 15 | Gaikas | Gaikas | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 Charles | nmod |
| 16 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 return | case |
| 17 | return | return | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 made | obl |
| 18 | for | for | ADP | _ | 20 protection | case |
| 19 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 protection | compound |
| 20 | protection | protection | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 return | nmod |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 maintain | punct |
| 22 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 25 maintain | cc |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 Kaffirs | det |
| 24 | Kaffirs | kaffir | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 maintain | nsubj |
| 25 | maintain | maintain | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 arose | advcl |
| 26 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 29 acted | mark |
| 27 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 29 acted | nsubj |
| 28 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 acted | aux |
| 29 | acted | act | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 25 maintain | ccomp |
| 30 | up | up | ADP | _ | 29 acted | compound:prt |
| 31 | to | to | ADP | _ | 33 description | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 description | det |
| 33 | description | description | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 acted | obl |
| 34 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 35 since | advmod |
| 35 | since | since | ADV | _ | 29 acted | advmod |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 arose | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | arise | past | sun | the heavy demands | first property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 2 | make | participle | the heavy demands not said here | return for English protection | Lord Charles upon the Gaikas obl:agent | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | |||
| 3 | maintain | present | the Kaffirs | vn declare-29.4-1 «NP V what S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 4 | act up | present · perfect | we | ever | to the description; since property | vn act-114-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/26/114/