Kaffir folk-lore, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions., sentence 124
All through the wars of 1835, 1846–7, and 1851–2, they looked for his reappearance to lead them to victory.
Who acts: wars, Makana · What happens: look, lead, reappear · To what, where: wars, victory
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wars, Makana), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | All | all | ADV | _ | 4 wars | advmod |
| 2 | through | through | ADP | _ | 4 wars | case |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 wars | det |
| 4 | wars | war | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 looked | nsubj |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 1835 | case |
| 6 | 1835 | 1835 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 4 wars | nmod |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 1846 | punct |
| 8 | 1846 | 1846 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 6 1835 | conj |
| 9 | – | – | SYM | ExtPos=ADP | 10 7 | case |
| 10 | 7 | 7 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 8 1846 | nmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 looked | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 looked | cc |
| 13 | 1851 | 1851 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 18 looked | nsubj |
| 14 | – | – | SYM | ExtPos=ADP | 15 2 | case |
| 15 | 2 | 2 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 13 1851 | nmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 looked | punct |
| 17 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 looked | nsubj |
| 18 | looked | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 19 | for | for | ADP | _ | 21 reappearance | case |
| 20 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 reappearance | nmod:poss |
| 21 | reappearance | reappearance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 looked | obl |
| 22 | to | to | PART | _ | 23 lead | mark |
| 23 | lead | lead | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 looked | advcl |
| 24 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 lead | obj |
| 25 | to | to | ADP | _ | 26 victory | case |
| 26 | victory | victory | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 lead | obl |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 18 looked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | look | past | the wars of 1835 | for Makana's reappearance; 1851 – 2 nsubj | vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for reappearance=Theme | ||||
| 2 | lead | to-infinitive | the wars of 1835 not said here | wars = war | victory | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent they=Theme to victory=Destination | |||
| 3 | reappear | Makana | nom reappearance «event intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/26/124/