Kaffir folk-lore, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions., sentence 147
We shall hear, we are on the side towards which the wind blows.
Who acts: We, wind · What happens: hear, be, blow · To what, where: side
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (We, wind), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | We | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 3 hear | nsubj |
| 2 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 3 hear | aux |
| 3 | hear | hear | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 side | punct |
| 5 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 9 side | nsubj |
| 6 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 side | cop |
| 7 | on | on | ADP | _ | 9 side | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 side | det |
| 9 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 hear | obl |
| 10 | towards | towards | ADP | _ | 11 which | case |
| 11 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 14 blows | obl |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 wind | det |
| 13 | wind | wind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 blows | nsubj |
| 14 | blows | blow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 side | acl:relcl |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 hear | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | shall | We | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 2 | is | present | we | the side | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | blow | present | the wind | towards the side | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent towards which=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/26/147/