Kaffir folk-lore, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions., sentence 159
The saying is used to a wealthy man, and means, You use a vessel handed down to you from your ancestors.
Who acts: You · What happens: use, mean, hand down · To what, where: saying, vessel, you, ancestors · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (You), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 saying | det |
| 2 | saying | saying | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 used | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 used | aux:pass |
| 4 | used | use | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 8 man | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 man | det |
| 7 | wealthy | wealthy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 man | amod |
| 8 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 used | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 means | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 means | cc |
| 11 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 used | parataxis |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 use | punct |
| 13 | You | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 14 use | nsubj |
| 14 | use | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 means | ccomp |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 vessel | det |
| 16 | vessel | vessel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 use | obj |
| 17 | handed | hand | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 vessel | acl |
| 18 | down | down | ADP | _ | 17 handed | compound:prt |
| 19 | to | to | ADP | _ | 20 you | case |
| 20 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 17 handed | obl |
| 21 | from | from | ADP | _ | 23 ancestors | case |
| 22 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 23 ancestors | nmod:poss |
| 23 | ancestors | ancestor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 handed | obl |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 used | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | use | present · passive | the saying | to a wealthy man | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | ||||
| 2 | mean | present | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||||
| 3 | use | present | You | a vessel | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vessel=Patient | ||||
| 4 | hand down | participle | a vessel not said here | you | your ancestors | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Agent to you=Destination from ancestor=Initial_Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/26/159/