Kaffir folk-lore, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions., sentence 17
A saying of the industrious to the idle, meaning that each should work for himself as the flies do.
Who acts: each, flies · What happens: mean, work, do · To what, where: saying · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (each, flies), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 saying | det |
| 2 | saying | saying | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 5 industrious | mark |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 industrious | det |
| 5 | industrious | industrious | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 saying | acl |
| 6 | to | to | ADP | _ | 8 idle | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 idle | det |
| 8 | idle | idle | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 industrious | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 meaning | punct |
| 10 | meaning | mean | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 5 industrious | parataxis |
| 11 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 14 work | mark |
| 12 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 14 work | nsubj |
| 13 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 14 work | aux |
| 14 | work | work | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 meaning | ccomp |
| 15 | for | for | ADP | _ | 16 himself | case |
| 16 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 14 work | obl |
| 17 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 20 do | mark |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 flies | det |
| 19 | flies | fly | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 do | nsubj |
| 20 | do | do | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 work | advcl |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 saying | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mean | gerund | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||||
| 2 | work | should | each | for saying | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent for himself=Beneficiary | ||||
| 3 | do | present | the flies | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/26/17/