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Kaffir folk-lore, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions., sentence 187

It is as if one said, Give food to the traveller, because when you are on a journey your foot will not be able to smell out and avoid a man whom you have turned from your door, but to your shame it may carry you to his.

Who acts: It, you, foot, exhortation, your · What happens: be, give, not be, smell out, avoid, turn · To what, where: food, traveller, journey, man, door, you · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (It, you, foot, exhortation), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

nsubjcopmarkmarknsubjpunctccompobjcasedetoblpunctmarkadvmodnsubjcopcasedetoblnmod:possnsubjauxadvmodcopacl:relclmarkxcompcompound:prtccconjdetobjobjnsubjauxacl:relclcasenmod:possoblpunctcccasenmod:possoblnsubjauxconjobjcaseobjpunctrootItPRONisAUXasSCONJifSCONJonePRONsaidVERB,PUNCTGiveVERBfoodNOUNtoADPtheDETtravellerNOUN,PUNCTbecauseSCONJwhenADVyouPRONareAUXonADPaDETjourneyNOUNyourPRONfootNOUNwillAUXnotPARTbeAUXableADJtoPARTsmellVERBoutADPandCCONJavoidVERBaDETmanNOUNwhomPRONyouPRONhaveAUXturnedVERBfromADPyourPRONdoorNOUN,PUNCTbutCCONJtoADPyourPRONshameNOUNitPRONmayAUXcarryVERByouPRONtoADPhisPRON.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1ItitPRONCase=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs6 saidnsubj
2isbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin6 saidcop
3asasSCONJ_6 saidmark
4ififSCONJ_6 saidmark
5oneonePRONNumber=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs6 saidnsubj
6saidsayVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Finrootroot
7,,PUNCT_8 Givepunct
8GivegiveVERBVerbForm=Inf6 saidccomp
9foodfoodNOUNNumber=Sing8 Giveobj
10totoADP_12 travellercase
11thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art12 travellerdet
12travellertravellerNOUNNumber=Sing8 Giveobl
13,,PUNCT_20 journeypunct
14becausebecauseSCONJ_20 journeymark
15whenwhenADVPronType=Int20 journeyadvmod
16youyouPRONCase=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs20 journeynsubj
17arebeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin20 journeycop
18ononADP_20 journeycase
19aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art20 journeydet
20journeyjourneyNOUNNumber=Sing8 Giveobl
21youryourPRONCase=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs22 footnmod:poss
22footfootNOUNNumber=Sing26 ablensubj
23willwillAUXVerbForm=Fin26 ableaux
24notnotPARTPolarity=Neg26 ableadvmod
25bebeAUXVerbForm=Inf26 ablecop
26ableableADJDegree=Pos20 journeyacl:relcl
27totoPART_28 smellmark
28smellsmellVERBVerbForm=Inf26 ablexcomp
29outoutADP_28 smellcompound:prt
30andandCCONJ_31 avoidcc
31avoidavoidVERBVerbForm=Inf28 smellconj
32aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art33 mandet
33manmanNOUNNumber=Sing31 avoidobj
34whomwhomPRONPronType=Rel37 turnedobj
35youyouPRONCase=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs37 turnednsubj
36havehaveAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin37 turnedaux
37turnedturnVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part33 manacl:relcl
38fromfromADP_40 doorcase
39youryourPRONCase=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs40 doornmod:poss
40doordoorNOUNNumber=Sing37 turnedobl
41,,PUNCT_48 carrypunct
42butbutCCONJ_48 carrycc
43totoADP_45 shamecase
44youryourPRONCase=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs45 shamenmod:poss
45shameshameNOUNNumber=Sing48 carryobl
46ititPRONCase=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs48 carrynsubj
47maymayAUXVerbForm=Fin48 carryaux
48carrycarryVERBVerbForm=Inf6 saidconj
49youyouPRONCase=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs48 carryobj
50totoADP_51 hiscase
51hishisPRONCase=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs48 carryobj
52..PUNCT_6 saidpunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1be speech: assertpresentItone nsubj; say propertytree rules
2giveinfinitivefoodthe travellervn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent food=Theme to traveller=Recipient
3ispresentyoua journeytree rules
4not isfutureyour foota journey not said hereable propertytree rules
5smell outto-infinitiveyour foot not said herevn smell_emission-43.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
6avoidinfinitiveyour foot not said herea manvn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent man=Location
7turnpresent · perfectyoua manyour doorvn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent whom=Theme from door=Trajectory
8carrymayexhortationyouto your shame; man objvn cost-54.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Theme you=Beneficiary his=Value
9shameyournom shame «feeling transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/26/187/