Kaffir folk-lore, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions., sentence 187
It is as if one said, Give food to the traveller, because when you are on a journey your foot will not be able to smell out and avoid a man whom you have turned from your door, but to your shame it may carry you to his.
Who acts: It, you, foot, exhortation, your · What happens: be, give, not be, smell out, avoid, turn · To what, where: food, traveller, journey, man, door, you · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (It, you, foot, exhortation), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 said | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 said | cop |
| 3 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 6 said | mark |
| 4 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 6 said | mark |
| 5 | one | one | PRON | Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 said | nsubj |
| 6 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 Give | punct |
| 8 | Give | give | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 said | ccomp |
| 9 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 Give | obj |
| 10 | to | to | ADP | _ | 12 traveller | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 traveller | det |
| 12 | traveller | traveller | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 Give | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 journey | punct |
| 14 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 20 journey | mark |
| 15 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 20 journey | advmod |
| 16 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 20 journey | nsubj |
| 17 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 journey | cop |
| 18 | on | on | ADP | _ | 20 journey | case |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 journey | det |
| 20 | journey | journey | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 Give | obl |
| 21 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 foot | nmod:poss |
| 22 | foot | foot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 able | nsubj |
| 23 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 26 able | aux |
| 24 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 26 able | advmod |
| 25 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 26 able | cop |
| 26 | able | able | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 journey | acl:relcl |
| 27 | to | to | PART | _ | 28 smell | mark |
| 28 | smell | smell | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 26 able | xcomp |
| 29 | out | out | ADP | _ | 28 smell | compound:prt |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 avoid | cc |
| 31 | avoid | avoid | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 28 smell | conj |
| 32 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 33 man | det |
| 33 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 avoid | obj |
| 34 | whom | whom | PRON | PronType=Rel | 37 turned | obj |
| 35 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 37 turned | nsubj |
| 36 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 37 turned | aux |
| 37 | turned | turn | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 33 man | acl:relcl |
| 38 | from | from | ADP | _ | 40 door | case |
| 39 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 40 door | nmod:poss |
| 40 | door | door | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 turned | obl |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 48 carry | punct |
| 42 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 48 carry | cc |
| 43 | to | to | ADP | _ | 45 shame | case |
| 44 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 45 shame | nmod:poss |
| 45 | shame | shame | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 carry | obl |
| 46 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 48 carry | nsubj |
| 47 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 48 carry | aux |
| 48 | carry | carry | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 said | conj |
| 49 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 48 carry | obj |
| 50 | to | to | ADP | _ | 51 his | case |
| 51 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 48 carry | obj |
| 52 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | be speech: assert | present | It | one nsubj; say property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | give | infinitive | food | the traveller | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent food=Theme to traveller=Recipient | ||||
| 3 | is | present | you | a journey | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | not is | future | your foot | a journey not said here | able property | tree rules | |||
| 5 | smell out | to-infinitive | your foot not said here | vn smell_emission-43.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 6 | avoid | infinitive | your foot not said here | a man | vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent man=Location | ||||
| 7 | turn | present · perfect | you | a man | your door | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent whom=Theme from door=Trajectory | |||
| 8 | carry | may | exhortation | you | to your shame; man obj | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Theme you=Beneficiary his=Value | |||
| 9 | shame | your | nom shame «feeling transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/26/187/