Kaffir folk-lore, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions., sentence 193
Said of any one who is involved in difficulties of his own creation, or of one who raises an argument and is beaten in it.
Who acts: one, Said · What happens: be, raise, beat, create · To what, where: difficulties, argument
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (one, Said), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Said | Said | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 one | nsubj |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 one | case |
| 3 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 4 one | det |
| 4 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 5 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 7 involved | nsubj |
| 6 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 involved | cop |
| 7 | involved | involved | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 one | acl:relcl |
| 8 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 difficulties | case |
| 9 | difficulties | difficulty | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 involved | obl |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 creation | case |
| 11 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 creation | nmod:poss |
| 12 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 creation | amod |
| 13 | creation | creation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 difficulties | nmod |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 one | punct |
| 15 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 17 one | cc |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 one | case |
| 17 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 4 one | conj |
| 18 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 19 raises | nsubj |
| 19 | raises | raise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 one | acl:relcl |
| 20 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 argument | det |
| 21 | argument | argument | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 raises | obj |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 beaten | cc |
| 23 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 beaten | aux:pass |
| 24 | beaten | beat | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 19 raises | conj |
| 25 | in | in | ADP | _ | 26 it | case |
| 26 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 beaten | obl |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 one | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | any one Said | difficulties of Said's own creation | involved property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | raise | present | a argument | who nsubj | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent argument=Theme | ||||
| 3 | beat | present · passive | argument | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: in it=Location | |||||
| 5 | create | Said | nom creation «act transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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