Kaffir folk-lore, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions., sentence 2
Such expressions, however, are found upon inquiry to refer to some circumstance in their mode of living, or some event in their traditional history, which makes the meaning very clear.
Who acts: traditional history · What happens: find, refer, make · To what, where: Such expressions, mode, meaning · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (traditional history), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 expressions | amod |
| 2 | expressions | expression | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 found | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 expressions | punct |
| 4 | however | however | ADV | _ | 7 found | advmod |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 however | punct |
| 6 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 found | aux:pass |
| 7 | found | find | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 8 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 9 inquiry | case |
| 9 | inquiry | inquiry | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 found | obl |
| 10 | to | to | PART | _ | 11 refer | mark |
| 11 | refer | refer | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 found | ccomp |
| 12 | to | to | ADP | _ | 14 circumstance | case |
| 13 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 14 circumstance | det |
| 14 | circumstance | circumstance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 refer | obl |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 mode | case |
| 16 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 mode | nmod:poss |
| 17 | mode | mode | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 refer | obl |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 living | case |
| 19 | living | living | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 mode | nmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 event | punct |
| 21 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 23 event | cc |
| 22 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 23 event | det |
| 23 | event | event | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 found | parataxis |
| 24 | in | in | ADP | _ | 27 history | case |
| 25 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 27 history | nmod:poss |
| 26 | traditional | traditional | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 history | amod |
| 27 | history | history | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 event | nmod |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 makes | punct |
| 29 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 30 makes | nsubj |
| 30 | makes | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 history | acl:relcl |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 meaning | det |
| 32 | meaning | meaning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 makes | obj |
| 33 | very | very | ADV | _ | 34 clear | advmod |
| 34 | clear | clear | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 makes | xcomp |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 found | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | find | present · passive | Such expressions | upon inquiry; some event in expressions's traditional history parataxis; however property | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Attribute clause=Theme | ||||
| 2 | refer | to-infinitive | expressions's mode of living | to some circumstance | vn relate-86.2-2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme to circumstance=Co-Theme | ||||
| 3 | make | present | expressions's traditional history | the meaning | clear property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset meaning=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/26/2/