Kaffir folk-lore, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions., sentence 205
One day Guluwe, who had two young men with him, killed an eland, but while he was still shouting his cry of triumph: “Tsi! ha! ha! ha! ha! the weapons of Khakhabay!” he was surprised by a number of these inhuman abatwa.
Who acts: Guluwe, One day, man, number, triumph · What happens: have, kill, shout, surprise, cry · To what, where: two young men, eland, cry, Tsi
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Guluwe, One day, man, number), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | One | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 2 day | nummod |
| 2 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 killed | nsubj |
| 3 | Guluwe | Guluwe | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 day | appos |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 had | punct |
| 5 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 6 had | nsubj |
| 6 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 Guluwe | acl:relcl |
| 7 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 9 men | nummod |
| 8 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 men | amod |
| 9 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 had | obj |
| 10 | with | with | ADP | _ | 11 him | case |
| 11 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 men | nmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 day | punct |
| 13 | killed | kill | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 14 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 eland | det |
| 15 | eland | eland | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 killed | obj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 shouting | punct |
| 17 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 22 shouting | cc |
| 18 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 22 shouting | mark |
| 19 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 shouting | nsubj |
| 20 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 shouting | aux |
| 21 | still | still | ADV | _ | 22 shouting | advmod |
| 22 | shouting | shout | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 13 killed | advcl |
| 23 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 cry | nmod:poss |
| 24 | cry | cry | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 shouting | obj |
| 25 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 triumph | case |
| 26 | triumph | triumph | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 cry | nmod |
| 27 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 29 Tsi | punct |
| 28 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 29 Tsi | punct |
| 29 | Tsi | Tsi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 47 surprised | nsubj:pass |
| 30 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 29 Tsi | punct |
| 31 | ha | ha | INTJ | _ | 29 Tsi | discourse |
| 32 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 29 Tsi | punct |
| 33 | ha | ha | INTJ | _ | 29 Tsi | discourse |
| 34 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 29 Tsi | punct |
| 35 | ha | ha | INTJ | _ | 29 Tsi | discourse |
| 36 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 29 Tsi | punct |
| 37 | ha | ha | INTJ | _ | 29 Tsi | discourse |
| 38 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 29 Tsi | punct |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 weapons | det |
| 40 | weapons | weapon | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 Tsi | appos |
| 41 | of | of | ADP | _ | 42 Khakhabay | case |
| 42 | Khakhabay | Khakhabay | PROPN | Number=Sing | 40 weapons | nmod |
| 43 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 29 Tsi | punct |
| 44 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 29 Tsi | punct |
| 45 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 47 surprised | nsubj:pass |
| 46 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 47 surprised | aux:pass |
| 47 | surprised | surprise | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 killed | parataxis |
| 48 | by | by | ADP | _ | 50 number | case |
| 49 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 50 number | det |
| 50 | number | number | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 surprised | obl |
| 51 | of | of | ADP | _ | 54 abatwa | case |
| 52 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 54 abatwa | det |
| 53 | inhuman | inhuman | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 54 abatwa | amod |
| 54 | abatwa | abatwa | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 number | nmod |
| 55 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 killed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | past | Guluwe | two young men | with man | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent man=Patient | |||
| 2 | kill | past | One day | a eland | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eland=Theme | ||||
| 3 | shout speech: express | past · progressive | man | man's cry of triumph | still | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cry=Topic | |||
| 4 | surprise | past · passive | a number of this inhuman abatwa | Tsi | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer | ||||
| 5 | cry | triumph | nom cry «communication intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/26/205/