Kaffir folk-lore, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions., sentence 22
It is equivalent to our English saying, It is no use building castles in the air.
Who acts: reach, our · What happens: be, say · To what, where: use building castles, air · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (reach, our), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 equivalent | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 equivalent | cop |
| 3 | equivalent | equivalent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | ADP | _ | 7 saying | case |
| 5 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 saying | nmod:poss |
| 6 | English | English | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 saying | amod |
| 7 | saying | saying | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 equivalent | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 castles | punct |
| 9 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 castles | nsubj |
| 10 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 castles | cop |
| 11 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 14 castles | det |
| 12 | use | used | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 castles | amod |
| 13 | building | building | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 castles | compound |
| 14 | castles | castle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 equivalent | obl |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 air | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 air | det |
| 17 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 castles | nmod |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 equivalent | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | reach | to our English saying; equivalent property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | is a | present | reach | no use building castles | the air | tree rules | |||
| 3 | say | our | nom saying «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/26/22/