Kaffir folk-lore, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions., sentence 30
This saying is used when anything that one dreads or dislikes has passed away.
What happens: use, dread, dislike, pass away · To what, where: saying, anything
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | This | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 2 saying | det |
| 2 | saying | saying | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 used | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 used | aux:pass |
| 4 | used | use | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 13 passed | advmod |
| 6 | anything | anything | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 13 passed | nsubj:pass |
| 7 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 9 dreads | nsubj |
| 8 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 dreads | nsubj |
| 9 | dreads | dread | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 anything | acl:relcl |
| 10 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 11 dislikes | cc |
| 11 | dislikes | dislike | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 dreads | conj |
| 12 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 passed | aux |
| 13 | passed | pass | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 used | advcl |
| 14 | away | away | ADV | _ | 13 passed | advmod |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 used | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | use | present · passive | this saying | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | |||||
| 2 | dread | present | one nsubj | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 3 | dislike | present | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 4 | pass away | present · perfect · passive | anything | away property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/26/30/