Kaffir folk-lore, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions., sentence 53
From its appearance it cannot be said with certainty whether a water-melon is ripe or not.
Who acts: water melon · What happens: not say, be · To what, where: resolution, appearance · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (water melon), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | From | from | ADP | _ | 3 appearance | case |
| 2 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 3 appearance | nmod:poss |
| 3 | appearance | appearance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 said | obl |
| 4 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 said | nsubj |
| 5 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 8 said | aux |
| 6 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 8 said | advmod |
| 7 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 8 said | aux:pass |
| 8 | said | say | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 9 | with | with | ADP | _ | 10 certainty | case |
| 10 | certainty | certainty | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 said | obl |
| 11 | whether | whether | SCONJ | _ | 17 ripe | mark |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 melon | det |
| 13 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 melon | compound |
| 14 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 13 water | punct |
| 15 | melon | melon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 ripe | nsubj |
| 16 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 ripe | cop |
| 17 | ripe | ripe | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 said | advcl |
| 18 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 19 not | cc |
| 19 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 17 ripe | conj |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not say speech: assert | can · passive | resolution | resolution's appearance | with certainty | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: subject=Theme with certainty=Manner | |||
| 2 | is | present | a water melon | ripe property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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