Kaffir folk-lore, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions., sentence 67
This saying is applied as a warning to people to avoid doing wrong, lest the punishment of Hili overtake them.
Who acts: punishment · What happens: apply, avoid, do, overtake, punish · To what, where: saying, neighbours, Hili
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (punishment), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | This | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 2 saying | det |
| 2 | saying | saying | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 applied | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 applied | aux:pass |
| 4 | applied | apply | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | as | as | ADP | _ | 7 warning | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 warning | det |
| 7 | warning | warning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 applied | obl |
| 8 | to | to | ADP | _ | 9 people | case |
| 9 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 warning | nmod |
| 10 | to | to | PART | _ | 11 avoid | mark |
| 11 | avoid | avoid | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 applied | advcl |
| 12 | doing | do | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 11 avoid | xcomp |
| 13 | wrong | wrong | ADV | _ | 12 doing | advmod |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 overtake | punct |
| 15 | lest | lest | SCONJ | _ | 20 overtake | mark |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 punishment | det |
| 17 | punishment | punishment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 overtake | nsubj |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 Hili | case |
| 19 | Hili | Hili | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 punishment | nmod |
| 20 | overtake | overtake | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 applied | conj |
| 21 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 overtake | obj |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 applied | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | apply | present · passive | this saying | as a warning to people | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 2 | avoid | to-infinitive | vn avoid-52 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | ||||||
| 3 | do | gerund | wrong property | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | overtake | present | the punishment of Hili | neighbours = neighbour | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | punish | Hili | nom punishment «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/26/67/