Kaffir folk-lore, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions., sentence 76
Said to any one who favours strangers in preference to relatives, or to their disadvantage.
Who acts: one · What happens: say, favour · To what, where: one, strangers, preference · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Said | say | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 2 | to | to | ADP | _ | 4 one | case |
| 3 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 4 one | det |
| 4 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Said | obl |
| 5 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 6 favours | nsubj |
| 6 | favours | favour | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 one | acl:relcl |
| 7 | strangers | stranger | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 favours | obj |
| 8 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 preference | case |
| 9 | preference | preference | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 favours | obl |
| 10 | to | to | ADP | _ | 11 relatives | case |
| 11 | relatives | relative | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 favours | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 disadvantage | punct |
| 13 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 16 disadvantage | cc |
| 14 | to | to | ADP | _ | 16 disadvantage | case |
| 15 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 disadvantage | nmod:poss |
| 16 | disadvantage | disadvantage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 relatives | conj |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | participle | any one | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to one=Recipient | |||||
| 2 | favour | present | any one | strangers | preference | to relatives or relatives's disadvantage | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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