Kaffir folk-lore, Story of the Bird That Made Milk., sentence 1
(a) The word amasi, translated milk, means that kind of fermented milk which is used by the Kaffirs.
Who acts: word, Kaffirs · What happens: translate, mean, ferment, use · To what, where: kind, fermented milk
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Bird That Made Milk.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (word, Kaffirs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 5 word | punct |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 word | det |
| 3 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 2 a | punct |
| 4 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 word | det |
| 5 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 means | nsubj |
| 6 | amasi | amasi | X | Foreign=Yes | 5 word | appos |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 milk | punct |
| 8 | translated | translate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 milk | amod |
| 9 | milk | milk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 word | conj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 word | punct |
| 11 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 12 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 13 kind | det |
| 13 | kind | kind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 means | obj |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 milk | case |
| 15 | fermented | ferment | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 milk | amod |
| 16 | milk | milk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 kind | nmod |
| 17 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 19 used | nsubj:pass |
| 18 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 used | aux:pass |
| 19 | used | use | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 milk | acl:relcl |
| 20 | by | by | ADP | _ | 22 Kaffirs | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 Kaffirs | det |
| 22 | Kaffirs | kaffir | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 used | obl |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 means | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | translate | participle | vn turn-26.6.1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 2 | mean | present | a word and translated milk | that kind of fermented milk | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kind=Topic | ||||
| 3 | ferment | participle | vn entity_specific_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 4 | use | present · passive | the Kaffirs | fermented milk | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/27/1/