Kaffir folk-lore, Story of the Bird That Made Milk., sentence 30
(k) There are no crocodiles in the rivers of the present Amaxosa country, but the reptile and its habits are well known to the people by hearsay.
Who acts: crocodiles, hearsay · What happens: be, know · To what, where: reptile
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Bird That Made Milk.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (crocodiles, hearsay), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 2 k | punct |
| 2 | k | k | NUM | _ | 5 are | discourse |
| 3 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 2 k | punct |
| 4 | There | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 5 are | expl |
| 5 | are | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 7 crocodiles | det |
| 7 | crocodiles | crocodile | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 are | nsubj |
| 8 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 rivers | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 rivers | det |
| 10 | rivers | river | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 crocodiles | nmod |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 present | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 present | det |
| 13 | present | present | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 rivers | nmod |
| 14 | Amaxosa | Amaxosa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 country | compound |
| 15 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 present | conj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 known | punct |
| 17 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 25 known | cc |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 reptile | det |
| 19 | reptile | reptile | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 known | nsubj:pass |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 habits | cc |
| 21 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 habits | nmod:poss |
| 22 | habits | habit | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 reptile | conj |
| 23 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 known | aux:pass |
| 24 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 25 known | advmod |
| 25 | known | know | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 are | conj |
| 26 | to | to | ADP | _ | 28 people | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 people | det |
| 28 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 known | obl |
| 29 | by | by | ADP | _ | 30 hearsay | case |
| 30 | hearsay | hearsay | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 known | obl |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 are | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | does | present | no crocodiles in the rivers of the present and Amaxosa country | there | k discourse | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 2 | know | present · passive | hearsay | the reptile and country's habits | to the people; well property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer subject=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/27/30/