Kaffir folk-lore, Story of the Bird That Made Milk., sentence 33
In this story it is seemingly a crocodile that appears, but very shortly we learn that it is really a man who has been bewitched and forced to assume that appearance.
Who acts: belief, crocodile, we · What happens: be, appear, learn, bewitch, force, assume · To what, where: crocodile, story, man, appearance · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Bird That Made Milk.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (belief, crocodile, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 story | case |
| 2 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 3 story | det |
| 3 | story | story | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 crocodile | obl |
| 4 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 crocodile | nsubj |
| 5 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 crocodile | cop |
| 6 | seemingly | seemingly | ADV | _ | 8 crocodile | advmod |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 crocodile | det |
| 8 | crocodile | crocodile | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 9 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 10 appears | nsubj |
| 10 | appears | appear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 crocodile | acl:relcl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 learn | punct |
| 12 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 16 learn | cc |
| 13 | very | very | ADV | _ | 14 shortly | advmod |
| 14 | shortly | shortly | ADV | _ | 16 learn | advmod |
| 15 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 16 learn | nsubj |
| 16 | learn | learn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 crocodile | parataxis |
| 17 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 22 man | mark |
| 18 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 man | nsubj |
| 19 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 man | cop |
| 20 | really | really | ADV | _ | 22 man | advmod |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 man | det |
| 22 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 learn | ccomp |
| 23 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 26 bewitched | nsubj:pass |
| 24 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 bewitched | aux |
| 25 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 26 bewitched | aux:pass |
| 26 | bewitched | bewitch | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 22 man | acl:relcl |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 forced | cc |
| 28 | forced | force | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 26 bewitched | conj |
| 29 | to | to | PART | _ | 30 assume | mark |
| 30 | assume | assume | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 28 forced | xcomp |
| 31 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 32 appearance | det |
| 32 | appearance | appearance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 assume | obj |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 crocodile | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | belief | a crocodile | this story | seemingly property | tree rules | ||
| 2 | appear | present | a crocodile | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | learn | present | we | shortly property | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | is a | present | belief | a man | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | bewitch | present · perfect · passive | a man | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer | |||||
| 6 | force | participle | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||||
| 7 | assume | to-infinitive | that appearance | vn adopt-93.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent appearance=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/27/33/