Kaffir folk-lore, Story of the Bird That Made Milk., sentence 35
(m) Up to this point there is nothing to indicate that the girl knew he was not in reality a crocodile, but here it is evident that she was aware he was a man under the power of a charm, for she uses a proper name when speaking of him, as is indicated by the prefix U.
Who acts: reality, girl, l, prefix · What happens: indicate, know, not be, be, use, speak · To what, where: crocodile, reality, man, power, proper name · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Bird That Made Milk.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (reality, girl, l, prefix), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 2 m | punct |
| 2 | m | M | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 Up | compound |
| 3 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 2 m | punct |
| 4 | Up | up | ADP | _ | 7 point | case |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 4 Up | fixed |
| 6 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 7 point | det |
| 7 | point | point | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 is | obl |
| 8 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 9 is | expl |
| 9 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 evident | cop |
| 10 | nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 9 is | nsubj |
| 11 | to | to | PART | _ | 12 indicate | mark |
| 12 | indicate | indicate | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 nothing | acl |
| 13 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 16 knew | mark |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 girl | det |
| 15 | girl | girl | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 knew | nsubj |
| 16 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 indicate | ccomp |
| 17 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 reality | nsubj |
| 18 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 reality | cop |
| 19 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 21 reality | advmod |
| 20 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 reality | case |
| 21 | reality | reality | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 knew | ccomp |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 crocodile | det |
| 23 | crocodile | crocodile | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 knew | obj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 evident | punct |
| 25 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 29 evident | cc |
| 26 | here | here | ADV | PronType=Dem | 29 evident | advmod |
| 27 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 evident | nsubj |
| 28 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 evident | cop |
| 29 | evident | evident | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 30 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 33 aware | mark |
| 31 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 aware | nsubj |
| 32 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 33 aware | cop |
| 33 | aware | aware | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 evident | conj |
| 34 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 37 man | nsubj |
| 35 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 37 man | cop |
| 36 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 37 man | det |
| 37 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 aware | ccomp |
| 38 | under | under | ADP | _ | 40 power | case |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 power | det |
| 40 | power | power | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 man | nmod |
| 41 | of | of | ADP | _ | 43 charm | case |
| 42 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 43 charm | det |
| 43 | charm | charm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 power | nmod |
| 44 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 47 uses | punct |
| 45 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 47 uses | mark |
| 46 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 47 uses | nsubj |
| 47 | uses | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 evident | parataxis |
| 48 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 50 name | det |
| 49 | proper | proper | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 50 name | amod |
| 50 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 uses | obj |
| 51 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 52 speaking | advmod |
| 52 | speaking | speak | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 50 name | acl |
| 53 | of | of | ADP | _ | 54 him | case |
| 54 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 52 speaking | obl |
| 55 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 58 indicated | punct |
| 56 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 58 indicated | mark |
| 57 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 58 indicated | aux:pass |
| 58 | indicated | indicate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 29 evident | conj |
| 59 | by | by | ADP | _ | 61 prefix | case |
| 60 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 61 prefix | det |
| 61 | prefix | prefix | NOUN | Number=Sing | 58 indicated | obl |
| 62 | U. | U. | PROPN | Number=Sing | 61 prefix | appos |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | indicate | to-infinitive | reality not said here | vn indicate-78-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Pivot clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | know | past | the girl | a crocodile | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer crocodile=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | not is | past | l | reality | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | is | present | reality | here | evident property | tree rules | |||
| 5 | is | past | girl | aware property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | is a | past | l | a man | the power of a charm | tree rules | |||
| 7 | use | present | girl | a proper name | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent name=Patient | ||||
| 8 | speak speech: other | gerund | of l | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 9 | indicate | present · passive | the prefix | vn indicate-78-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Pivot |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/27/35/