Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Five Heads., sentence 16
And lastly, it gives her the status of a married woman in the estimation of her people, whereas, if no cattle are transferred, she is not regarded by them as having the rank of a wife.
Who acts: violence, cattle · What happens: give, transfer, not regard, have, estimate · To what, where: status, transfer, cattle, rank, people
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Five Heads.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (violence, cattle), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 2 lastly | cc |
| 2 | lastly | lastly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 gives | punct |
| 4 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 gives | nsubj |
| 5 | gives | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 lastly | parataxis |
| 6 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 gives | iobj |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 status | det |
| 8 | status | status | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 gives | obj |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 woman | case |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 woman | det |
| 11 | married | married | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 woman | amod |
| 12 | woman | woman | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 status | nmod |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 estimation | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 estimation | det |
| 15 | estimation | estimation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 woman | nmod |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 people | case |
| 17 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 people | nmod:poss |
| 18 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 estimation | nmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 whereas | punct |
| 20 | whereas | wherea | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 people | conj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 transferred | punct |
| 22 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 26 transferred | mark |
| 23 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 24 cattle | det |
| 24 | cattle | cattle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 transferred | nsubj:pass |
| 25 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 transferred | aux:pass |
| 26 | transferred | transfer | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 gives | parataxis |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 regarded | punct |
| 28 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 regarded | nsubj:pass |
| 29 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 regarded | aux:pass |
| 30 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 31 regarded | advmod |
| 31 | regarded | regard | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 26 transferred | conj |
| 32 | by | by | ADP | _ | 33 them | case |
| 33 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 regarded | obl |
| 34 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 35 having | mark |
| 35 | having | have | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 31 regarded | advcl |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 rank | det |
| 37 | rank | rank | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 having | obj |
| 38 | of | of | ADP | _ | 40 wife | case |
| 39 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 40 wife | det |
| 40 | wife | wife | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 rank | nmod |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 lastly | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give | present | violence | the status of a married woman in the estimation of transfer's people and whereas | transfer | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent she=Recipient status=Theme | |||
| 2 | transfer a condition, not said to happen | present · passive | no cattle | vn contribute-13.2-2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 3 | not regard | present · passive | cattle | transfer | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme | ||||
| 4 | have | gerund | cattle not said here | the rank of a wife | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rank=Patient | ||||
| 6 | estimate | transfer's people and whereas | nom estimation «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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