Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Five Heads., sentence 27
In this case the messenger takes some cattle with him, when, if the advances are favourably received, an assagai is sent back, after which the relatives of the young people discuss and finally arrange the terms of the marriage.
Who acts: messenger, relatives · What happens: take, receive, send back, discuss, arrange, term · To what, where: cattle, case, advances, assagai, terms, marriage
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Five Heads.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (messenger, relatives), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 case | case |
| 2 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 3 case | det |
| 3 | case | case | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 takes | obl |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 messenger | det |
| 5 | messenger | messenger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 takes | nsubj |
| 6 | takes | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 8 cattle | det |
| 8 | cattle | cattle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 takes | obj |
| 9 | with | with | ADP | _ | 10 him | case |
| 10 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 cattle | nmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 when | punct |
| 12 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 6 takes | conj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 received | punct |
| 14 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 19 received | mark |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 advances | det |
| 16 | advances | advance | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 received | nsubj:pass |
| 17 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 received | aux:pass |
| 18 | favourably | favourably | ADV | _ | 19 received | advmod |
| 19 | received | receive | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 takes | parataxis |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 sent | punct |
| 21 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 assagai | det |
| 22 | assagai | assagai | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 sent | nsubj:pass |
| 23 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 sent | aux:pass |
| 24 | sent | send | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 19 received | conj |
| 25 | back | back | ADV | _ | 24 sent | advmod |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 discuss | punct |
| 27 | after | after | ADP | _ | 28 which | case |
| 28 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 35 discuss | obl |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 relatives | det |
| 30 | relatives | relative | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 discuss | nsubj |
| 31 | of | of | ADP | _ | 34 people | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 people | det |
| 33 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 people | amod |
| 34 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 relatives | nmod |
| 35 | discuss | discuss | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 sent | parataxis |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 arrange | cc |
| 37 | finally | finally | ADV | _ | 38 arrange | advmod |
| 38 | arrange | arrange | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 35 discuss | conj |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 terms | det |
| 40 | terms | term | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 arrange | obj |
| 41 | of | of | ADP | _ | 43 marriage | case |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 marriage | det |
| 43 | marriage | marriage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 terms | nmod |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 takes | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | take | present | the messenger | some cattle | this case | with guardian | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent cattle=Value in case=Location | ||
| 2 | receive a condition, not said to happen | present · passive | the advances | favourably property | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 3 | send back | present · passive | a assagai | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 4 | discuss speech: other | present | the relatives of the young people | which obl | vn chit_chat-37.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | arrange | present | the relatives of the young people not said here | the terms of the marriage | finally property | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent term=Product | |||
| 6 | term | the marriage | nom term «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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