Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Five Heads., sentence 6
In such cases, if any difficulties are raised by the guardians on either side, the young people do not scruple to run away together, after which their relatives usually come to an arrangement.
Who acts: guardians, young people, relatives · What happens: raise, not scruple, run away, come · To what, where: difficulties, such cases, arrangement
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Five Heads.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (guardians, young people, relatives), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 cases | case |
| 2 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 cases | amod |
| 3 | cases | case | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 raised | obl |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 cases | punct |
| 5 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 9 raised | mark |
| 6 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 7 difficulties | det |
| 7 | difficulties | difficulty | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 raised | nsubj:pass |
| 8 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 raised | aux:pass |
| 9 | raised | raise | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 10 | by | by | ADP | _ | 12 guardians | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 guardians | det |
| 12 | guardians | guardian | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 raised | obl:agent |
| 13 | on | on | ADP | _ | 15 side | case |
| 14 | either | either | DET | PronType=Ind | 15 side | det |
| 15 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 guardians | nmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 scruple | punct |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 people | det |
| 18 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 people | amod |
| 19 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 scruple | nsubj |
| 20 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 scruple | aux |
| 21 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 22 scruple | advmod |
| 22 | scruple | scruple | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 raised | conj |
| 23 | to | to | PART | _ | 24 run | mark |
| 24 | run | run | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 scruple | xcomp |
| 25 | away | away | ADV | _ | 24 run | advmod |
| 26 | together | together | ADV | _ | 24 run | advmod |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 come | punct |
| 28 | after | after | ADP | _ | 29 which | case |
| 29 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 33 come | obl |
| 30 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 31 relatives | nmod:poss |
| 31 | relatives | relative | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 come | nsubj |
| 32 | usually | usually | ADV | _ | 33 come | advmod |
| 33 | come | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 raised | conj |
| 34 | to | to | ADP | _ | 36 arrangement | case |
| 35 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 36 arrangement | det |
| 36 | arrangement | arrangement | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 come | obl |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 raised | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | raise | present · passive | the guardians on either side | any difficulties | such cases | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent subject=Theme in case=Destination | |||
| 2 | not scruple | present · do-support | the young people | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | run away | to-infinitive | the young people not said here | away, together property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | come | present | people's relatives | a arrangement | which obl; usually property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to arrangement=Initial_Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/28/6/