Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Tangalimlibo., sentence 31
The husband is required, however, before repudiating his wife, to go through the customary ceremonies, which are described in the following case tried before me when acting as a border magistrate in 1881:—A, a Kaffir, sued B, another Kaffir, to recover the value of a heifer lent to him two years before under these circumstances.
Who acts: Kaffir · What happens: require, repudiate, go, describe, follow, try · To what, where: husband, wife, customary ceremonies, following case, 1881, B
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Tangalimlibo.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kaffir), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 husband | det |
| 2 | husband | husband | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 required | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 required | aux:pass |
| 4 | required | require | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 however | punct |
| 6 | however | however | ADV | _ | 4 required | advmod |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 repudiating | punct |
| 8 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 9 repudiating | mark |
| 9 | repudiating | repudiate | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 required | advcl |
| 10 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 wife | nmod:poss |
| 11 | wife | wife | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 repudiating | obj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 go | punct |
| 13 | to | to | PART | _ | 14 go | mark |
| 14 | go | go | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 4 required | parataxis |
| 15 | through | through | ADP | _ | 18 ceremonies | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 ceremonies | det |
| 17 | customary | customary | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 ceremonies | compound |
| 18 | ceremonies | ceremony | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 go | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 described | punct |
| 20 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 22 described | nsubj:pass |
| 21 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 described | aux:pass |
| 22 | described | describe | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 ceremonies | acl:relcl |
| 23 | in | in | ADP | _ | 26 case | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 case | det |
| 25 | following | follow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 26 case | amod |
| 26 | case | case | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 described | obl |
| 27 | tried | try | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 26 case | acl |
| 28 | before | before | ADP | _ | 29 me | case |
| 29 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 14 go | obl |
| 30 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 31 acting | advmod |
| 31 | acting | act | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 14 go | advcl |
| 32 | as | as | ADP | _ | 35 magistrate | case |
| 33 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 35 magistrate | det |
| 34 | border | border | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 magistrate | compound |
| 35 | magistrate | magistrate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 acting | obl |
| 36 | in | in | ADP | _ | 37 1881 | case |
| 37 | 1881 | 1881 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 31 acting | obl |
| 38 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 4 required | punct |
| 39 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 43 Kaffir | punct |
| 40 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 43 Kaffir | det |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 Kaffir | punct |
| 42 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 43 Kaffir | det |
| 43 | Kaffir | Kaffir | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 required | parataxis |
| 44 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 sued | punct |
| 45 | sued | sue | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 43 Kaffir | acl:relcl |
| 46 | B | B | PROPN | Number=Sing | 45 sued | obj |
| 47 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 49 Kaffir | punct |
| 48 | another | another | DET | PronType=Ind | 49 Kaffir | det |
| 49 | Kaffir | Kaffir | PROPN | Number=Sing | 43 Kaffir | conj |
| 50 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 52 recover | punct |
| 51 | to | to | PART | _ | 52 recover | mark |
| 52 | recover | recover | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 43 Kaffir | conj |
| 53 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 54 value | det |
| 54 | value | value | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 recover | obj |
| 55 | of | of | ADP | _ | 57 heifer | case |
| 56 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 57 heifer | det |
| 57 | heifer | heifer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 54 value | nmod |
| 58 | lent | lend | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 57 heifer | acl |
| 59 | to | to | ADP | _ | 60 him | case |
| 60 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 58 lent | obl |
| 61 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 62 years | nummod |
| 62 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 58 lent | obl:unmarked |
| 63 | before | before | ADP | _ | 66 circumstances | case |
| 64 | under | under | ADP | _ | 66 circumstances | case |
| 65 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 66 circumstances | det |
| 66 | circumstances | circumstance | NOUN | Number=Plur | 58 lent | obl |
| 67 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 required | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | require | present · passive | the husband | a Kaffir and another Kaffir parataxis; however property | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Precondition | ||||
| 2 | repudiate | gerund | husband's wife | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wife=Theme | |||||
| 3 | go | to-infinitive | the customary ceremonies | before me | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme through ceremony=Initial_Location | ||||
| 4 | describe | present · passive | the customary ceremonies | the following case | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 5 | follow | gerund | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 6 | try | participle | the following case not said here | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 7 | act | gerund | 1881 | as a border magistrate | vn masquerade-29.6-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent as magistrate=Attribute | ||||
| 8 | sue | past | a Kaffir and another Kaffir not said here | B | tree rules | ||||
| 9 | recover | to-infinitive | the value of a heifer | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent value=Theme | |||||
| 10 | lend | participle | a heifer not said here | husband | before this circumstances; year | vn give-13.1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to he=Recipient | |||
| 11 | value | a heifer | nom value «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/29/31/