Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Tangalimlibo., sentence 39
The feeling entertained by the Kaffirs about the court in this instance was that B had acted very ungratefully towards A, who had not even been present at the woman’s marriage feast, but who had cheerfully acted in conformity with the custom which requires that a charm must be made out of the hair of the tail of a heifer belonging to a relative of a childless wife, in order to cause her to bear children.
Who acts: custom, heifer, wife · What happens: entertain, act, have, not be, require, make out · To what, where: feeling, instance, marriage feast, conformity, charm, hair
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Tangalimlibo.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (custom, heifer, wife), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 feeling | det |
| 2 | feeling | feeling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 acted | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | entertained | entertain | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 feeling | acl |
| 4 | by | by | ADP | _ | 6 Kaffirs | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 Kaffirs | det |
| 6 | Kaffirs | kaffir | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 entertained | obl |
| 7 | about | about | ADP | _ | 9 court | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 court | det |
| 9 | court | court | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 Kaffirs | nmod |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 instance | case |
| 11 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 12 instance | det |
| 12 | instance | instance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 entertained | obl |
| 13 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 acted | aux:pass |
| 14 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 17 acted | mark |
| 15 | B | B | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 acted | nsubj:pass |
| 16 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 acted | aux |
| 17 | acted | act | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 18 | very | very | ADV | _ | 19 ungratefully | advmod |
| 19 | ungratefully | ungratefully | ADV | _ | 17 acted | advmod |
| 20 | towards | towards | SCONJ | _ | 24 had | mark |
| 21 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 had | det |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 had | punct |
| 23 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 24 had | nsubj |
| 24 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 acted | advcl |
| 25 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 28 present | advmod |
| 26 | even | even | ADV | _ | 28 present | advmod |
| 27 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 28 present | cop |
| 28 | present | present | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 had | xcomp |
| 29 | at | at | ADP | _ | 34 feast | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 woman | det |
| 31 | woman | woman | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 feast | nmod:poss |
| 32 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 31 woman | case |
| 33 | marriage | marriage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 feast | compound |
| 34 | feast | feast | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 present | obl |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 acted | punct |
| 36 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 40 acted | cc |
| 37 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 40 acted | nsubj:pass |
| 38 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 40 acted | aux |
| 39 | cheerfully | cheerfully | ADV | _ | 40 acted | advmod |
| 40 | acted | act | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 24 had | conj |
| 41 | in | in | ADP | _ | 42 conformity | case |
| 42 | conformity | conformity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 acted | obl |
| 43 | with | with | ADP | _ | 45 custom | case |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 custom | det |
| 45 | custom | custom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 conformity | nmod |
| 46 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 47 requires | nsubj |
| 47 | requires | require | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 45 custom | acl:relcl |
| 48 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 53 made | mark |
| 49 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 50 charm | det |
| 50 | charm | charm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 53 made | nsubj:pass |
| 51 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 53 made | aux |
| 52 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 53 made | aux:pass |
| 53 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 47 requires | ccomp |
| 54 | out | out | ADP | _ | 57 hair | case |
| 55 | of | of | ADP | _ | 57 hair | case |
| 56 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 57 hair | det |
| 57 | hair | hair | NOUN | Number=Sing | 53 made | obl |
| 58 | of | of | ADP | _ | 60 tail | case |
| 59 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 60 tail | det |
| 60 | tail | tail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 57 hair | nmod |
| 61 | of | of | ADP | _ | 63 heifer | case |
| 62 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 63 heifer | det |
| 63 | heifer | heifer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 60 tail | nmod |
| 64 | belonging | belong | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 63 heifer | acl |
| 65 | to | to | ADP | _ | 67 relative | case |
| 66 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 67 relative | det |
| 67 | relative | relative | NOUN | Number=Sing | 64 belonging | obl |
| 68 | of | of | ADP | _ | 71 wife | case |
| 69 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 71 wife | det |
| 70 | childless | childless | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 71 wife | amod |
| 71 | wife | wife | NOUN | Number=Sing | 67 relative | nmod |
| 72 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 76 cause | punct |
| 73 | in | in | SCONJ | ExtPos=SCONJ | 76 cause | mark |
| 74 | order | order | NOUN | Number=Sing | 73 in | fixed |
| 75 | to | to | PART | _ | 76 cause | mark |
| 76 | cause | cause | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 53 made | conj |
| 77 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 76 cause | obj |
| 78 | to | to | PART | _ | 79 bear | mark |
| 79 | bear | bear | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 76 cause | xcomp |
| 80 | children | child | NOUN | Number=Plur | 79 bear | obj |
| 81 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 17 acted | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | entertain | participle | the feeling not said here | this instance | by the Kaffirs about the court | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | |||
| 2 | act | past · perfect · passive | the feeling | B nsubj:pass; ungratefully property | vn act-114-1-1 «NP V PP.predicate»: subject=Eventuality | ||||
| 3 | have | past | who nsubj | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | not is | participle | the woman's marriage feast | present property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | act | past · perfect · passive | conformity with the custom | who nsubj:pass; cheerfully property | vn act-114-1-1 «NP V PP.predicate»: subject=Eventuality | ||||
| 6 | require | present | the custom | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Precondition | |||||
| 7 | make out | must · passive | a charm | the hair of the tail of a heifer | tree rules | ||||
| 8 | belong | gerund | a heifer not said here | to a relative of a childless wife | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 9 | cause | to-infinitive | wife | tree rules | |||||
| 10 | bear | to-infinitive | wife not said here | children | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent child=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/29/39/