Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Tangalimlibo., sentence 45
She had therefore manufactured another word, the meaning of which had to be judged of by the context, as standing alone it is meaningless.
Who acts: woman, context, word · What happens: manufacture, judge, stand, be · To what, where: word
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Tangalimlibo.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (woman, context, word), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | She | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 manufactured | nsubj |
| 2 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 manufactured | aux |
| 3 | therefore | therefore | ADV | _ | 4 manufactured | advmod |
| 4 | manufactured | manufacture | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 5 | another | another | DET | PronType=Ind | 6 word | det |
| 6 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 manufactured | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 meaning | punct |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 meaning | det |
| 9 | meaning | meaning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 word | appos |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 which | case |
| 11 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 15 judged | obl |
| 12 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 judged | aux |
| 13 | to | to | PART | _ | 15 judged | mark |
| 14 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 15 judged | aux:pass |
| 15 | judged | judge | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 meaning | acl:relcl |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 judged | obl |
| 17 | by | by | ADP | _ | 19 context | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 context | det |
| 19 | context | context | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 judged | obl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 standing | punct |
| 21 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 22 standing | mark |
| 22 | standing | stand | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 manufactured | advcl |
| 23 | alone | alone | ADV | _ | 22 standing | advmod |
| 24 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 meaningless | nsubj |
| 25 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 meaningless | cop |
| 26 | meaningless | meaningless | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 standing | ccomp |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 manufactured | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | manufacture | past · perfect | woman | another word | therefore property | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Result | |||
| 2 | judge | past · passive | the context | of the meaning | vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V NP.attribute»: agent=Agent of which=Theme | ||||
| 3 | stand | gerund | woman not said here | alone property | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | is | present | word | meaningless property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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