Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Tangalimlibo., sentence 64
Besides these spirits, according to the belief of the Kaffirs, there are people living under the water, pretty much as those do who are in the upper air.
Who acts: people, those · What happens: accord, be, live, do, believe · To what, where: water, upper air, Kaffirs
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Tangalimlibo.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, those), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Besides | besides | ADP | _ | 3 spirits | case |
| 2 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 3 spirits | det |
| 3 | spirits | spirit | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 are | obl |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 belief | punct |
| 5 | according | accord | VERB | ExtPos=ADP Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 8 belief | case |
| 6 | to | to | ADP | _ | 5 according | fixed |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 belief | det |
| 8 | belief | belief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 spirits | nmod |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 Kaffirs | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 Kaffirs | det |
| 11 | Kaffirs | Kaffir | PROPN | Number=Plur | 8 belief | nmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 spirits | punct |
| 13 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 14 are | expl |
| 14 | are | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 15 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 are | nsubj |
| 16 | living | live | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 15 people | acl |
| 17 | under | under | ADP | _ | 19 water | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 water | det |
| 19 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 living | obl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 do | punct |
| 21 | pretty | pretty | ADV | _ | 22 much | advmod |
| 22 | much | much | ADV | _ | 25 do | advmod |
| 23 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 25 do | mark |
| 24 | those | that | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 25 do | nsubj |
| 25 | do | do | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 living | advcl |
| 26 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 31 air | nsubj |
| 27 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 air | cop |
| 28 | in | in | ADP | _ | 31 air | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 air | det |
| 30 | upper | upper | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 air | amod |
| 31 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 do | ccomp |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 14 are | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | accord | gerund | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 2 | does | present | people | there | besides this spirits accord the belief of the Kaffirs | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 3 | live | gerund | people not said here | the water | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under water=Location | ||||
| 4 | do | present | those | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | is | present | the upper air | who nsubj | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | believe | the Kaffirs | nom belief «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/29/64/