Kaffir folk-lore, Story of the Bird That Made Milk. I., sentence 122
He climbed up the riem and held on to the tree; then he went up and loosened the riem that was tied to his sister.
Who acts: man · What happens: climb up, hold on, go up, loosen, tie · To what, where: riem
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Bird That Made Milk. I.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 climbed | nsubj |
| 2 | climbed | climb | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | up | up | ADP | _ | 2 climbed | compound:prt |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 riem | det |
| 5 | riem | riem | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 climbed | obj |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 held | cc |
| 7 | held | hold | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 climbed | conj |
| 8 | on | on | ADP | _ | 7 held | compound:prt |
| 9 | to | to | ADP | _ | 11 tree | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 tree | det |
| 11 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 held | obl |
| 12 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 15 went | punct |
| 13 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 15 went | advmod |
| 14 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 went | nsubj |
| 15 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 climbed | parataxis |
| 16 | up | up | ADP | _ | 15 went | compound:prt |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 loosened | cc |
| 18 | loosened | loosen | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 went | conj |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 riem | det |
| 20 | riem | riem | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 loosened | obj |
| 21 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 23 tied | nsubj:pass |
| 22 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 tied | aux:pass |
| 23 | tied | tie | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 20 riem | acl:relcl |
| 24 | to | to | ADP | _ | 26 sister | case |
| 25 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 26 sister | nmod:poss |
| 26 | sister | sister | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 tied | obl |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 climbed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | climb up | past | man | the riem | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location riem=Theme | ||||
| 2 | hold on | participle | man not said here | to the tree | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | go up | past | man | then | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | ||||
| 4 | loosen | past | man not said here | the riem | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent riem=Patient | ||||
| 5 | tie | past · passive | the riem | to man's sister | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: subject=Patient to sister=Co-Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/3/122/