Kaffir folk-lore, Story of the Bird That Made Milk. I., sentence 129
They obtained food by hunting animals,—they were hunted by the boy.
Who acts: boys, boy · What happens: obtain, hunt · To what, where: food, animals, boys
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Bird That Made Milk. I.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boys, boy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 obtained | nsubj |
| 2 | obtained | obtain | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 obtained | obj |
| 4 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 5 hunting | mark |
| 5 | hunting | hunt | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 obtained | advcl |
| 6 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 hunting | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 obtained | punct |
| 8 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 11 hunted | punct |
| 9 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 hunted | nsubj:pass |
| 10 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 hunted | aux:pass |
| 11 | hunted | hunt | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 obtained | conj |
| 12 | by | by | ADP | _ | 14 boy | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 boy | det |
| 14 | boy | boy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 hunted | obl |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 obtained | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | obtain | past | boys = boy | food | vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset food=Theme | ||||
| 2 | hunt | gerund | boys = boy not said here | animals | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent animal=Theme | ||||
| 3 | hunt | past · passive | the boy | boys = boy | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/3/129/