Kaffir folk-lore, Story of the Bird That Made Milk. I., sentence 140
The boy made a fold to keep his cattle in; his sister made a garden and planted millet.
Who acts: boy, sister · What happens: make, keep, plant · To what, where: fold, cattle, garden
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Bird That Made Milk. I.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boy, sister), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 boy | det |
| 2 | boy | boy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 made | nsubj |
| 3 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 fold | det |
| 5 | fold | fold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 made | obj |
| 6 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 keep | mark |
| 7 | keep | keep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 made | advcl |
| 8 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 cattle | nmod:poss |
| 9 | cattle | cattle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 keep | obj |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 keep | obl |
| 11 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 14 made | punct |
| 12 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 sister | nmod:poss |
| 13 | sister | sister | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 made | nsubj |
| 14 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 made | parataxis |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 garden | det |
| 16 | garden | garden | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 made | obj |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 millet | cc |
| 18 | planted | plant | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 19 millet | amod |
| 19 | millet | millet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 garden | conj |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 made | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | past | the boy | a fold | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fold=Product | ||||
| 2 | keep | to-infinitive | the boy not said here | rock's cattle | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cattle=Theme | ||||
| 3 | make | past | rock's sister | a garden and planted millet | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent garden=Product | ||||
| 4 | plant | participle | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/3/140/