Kaffir folk-lore, Story of the Bird That Made Milk. I., sentence 42
He said to the bird: “As for you who spoil the work of this garden, you will not see the sun any more.
Who acts: man, bird, garden · What happens: say, spoil, not see, work · To what, where: bird, work, sun · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Bird That Made Milk. I.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, bird, garden), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 said | nsubj |
| 2 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | to | to | ADP | _ | 5 bird | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 bird | det |
| 5 | bird | bird | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 said | obl |
| 6 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 22 see | punct |
| 7 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 22 see | punct |
| 8 | As | as | SCONJ | _ | 12 spoil | mark |
| 9 | for | for | ADP | _ | 8 As | fixed |
| 10 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 12 spoil | nsubj |
| 11 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 spoil | nsubj |
| 12 | spoil | spoil | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 see | advcl |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 work | det |
| 14 | work | work | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 spoil | obj |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 garden | case |
| 16 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 17 garden | det |
| 17 | garden | garden | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 work | nmod |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 spoil | punct |
| 19 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 22 see | nsubj |
| 20 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 22 see | aux |
| 21 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 22 see | advmod |
| 22 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 said | conj |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 sun | det |
| 24 | sun | sun | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 see | obj |
| 25 | any | any | ADV | _ | 26 more | advmod |
| 26 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 22 see | advmod |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | man | the bird | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to bird=Recipient | ||||
| 2 | spoil in a quote | present | the bird = bird | the work of this garden | who nsubj | tree rules | |||
| 3 | not see in a quote | future | the bird = bird | the sun | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer sun=Stimulus | ||||
| 4 | work in a quote | this garden | nom work «act intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/3/42/