Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Simbukumbukwana., sentence 10
Another was a root to be used to gain the favour of a judge during a trial.
What happens: be, use, gain, favour · To what, where: root, favour, judge
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Simbukumbukwana.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Another | another | DET | PronType=Ind | 4 root | det |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 root | cop |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 root | det |
| 4 | root | root | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 used | nsubj:pass |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 used | mark |
| 6 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 7 used | aux:pass |
| 7 | used | use | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 8 | to | to | PART | _ | 9 gain | mark |
| 9 | gain | gain | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 used | xcomp |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 favour | det |
| 11 | favour | favour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 gain | obj |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 judge | case |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 judge | det |
| 14 | judge | judge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 favour | nmod |
| 15 | during | during | ADP | _ | 17 trial | case |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 trial | det |
| 17 | trial | trial | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 gain | obl |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 used | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | another root | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | use | to-infinitive · passive | another root | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: subject=Theme clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 3 | gain | to-infinitive | the favour of a judge | during a trial | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent favour=Theme | ||||
| 4 | favour | a judge | nom favour «feeling transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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