Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Simbukumbukwana., sentence 8
One plant was for curing stomach-ache, another acted as an emetic, a third cured the sting of a venomous insect, and so on.
Who acts: One plant, third · What happens: cure, act, sting · To what, where: stomach ache, another, sting, venomous insect
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Simbukumbukwana.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (One plant, third), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | One | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 2 plant | nummod |
| 2 | plant | plant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 curing | nsubj |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 curing | aux |
| 4 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 5 curing | mark |
| 5 | curing | cure | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 6 | stomach | stomach | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 ache | compound |
| 7 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 6 stomach | punct |
| 8 | ache | ache | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 curing | obj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 acted | punct |
| 10 | another | another | DET | PronType=Ind | 11 acted | nsubj:pass |
| 11 | acted | act | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 curing | parataxis |
| 12 | as | as | ADP | _ | 14 emetic | case |
| 13 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 emetic | det |
| 14 | emetic | emetic | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 acted | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 third | punct |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 third | det |
| 17 | third | third | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 emetic | appos |
| 18 | cured | cure | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 17 third | acl |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 sting | det |
| 20 | sting | sting | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 cured | obj |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 insect | case |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 insect | det |
| 23 | venomous | venomous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 insect | amod |
| 24 | insect | insect | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 sting | nmod |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 on | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 on | cc |
| 27 | so | so | ADV | _ | 28 on | advmod |
| 28 | on | on | ADV | _ | 11 acted | conj |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 curing | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cure | past · progressive | One plant | stomach ache | vn free-10.6.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Causer ache=Source | ||||
| 2 | act | participle · passive | another | as a emetic | vn act-114-1-1 «NP V PP.predicate»: subject=Eventuality | ||||
| 3 | cure | participle | a third not said here | the sting of a venomous insect | vn free-10.6.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Causer sting=Source | ||||
| 4 | sting | a venomous insect | nom sting «state transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/31/8/