Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Sikulume., sentence 10

When practising, they keep up a continual noise, and if an unusually successful hit is made the thrower shouts the common Kaffir cry of exultation, Tsi! ha! ha! ha! ha!

Who acts: boys, practising, exultation · What happens: practise, keep up, make, shout, cry · To what, where: continual noise, successful hit, common Kaffir cry · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Sikulume.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boys, practising, exultation), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	When	when	ADV	PronType=Int	2 practising	advmod
2	practising	practise	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	21 shouts	csubj
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 keep	punct
4	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 keep	nsubj
5	keep	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 practising	conj
6	up	up	ADP	_	5 keep	compound:prt
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 noise	det
8	continual	continual	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 noise	amod
9	noise	noise	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 keep	obj
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 made	punct
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 made	cc
12	if	if	SCONJ	_	18 made	mark
13	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 hit	det
14	unusually	unusually	ADV	_	15 successful	advmod
15	successful	successful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 hit	amod
16	hit	hit	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 made	nsubj:pass
17	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 made	aux:pass
18	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 keep	advcl
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 thrower	det
20	thrower	thrower	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 made	obj
21	shouts	shout	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
22	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	25 cry	det
23	common	common	ADJ	Degree=Pos	25 cry	amod
24	Kaffir	Kaffir	PROPN	Number=Sing	25 cry	compound
25	cry	cry	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 shouts	obj
26	of	of	ADP	_	27 exultation	case
27	exultation	exultation	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 cry	nmod
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	29 Tsi	punct
29	Tsi	Tsi	PROPN	Number=Sing	25 cry	appos
30	!	!	PUNCT	_	29 Tsi	punct
31	ha	ha	INTJ	_	25 cry	discourse
32	!	!	PUNCT	_	25 cry	punct
33	ha	ha	INTJ	_	21 shouts	discourse
34	!	!	PUNCT	_	21 shouts	punct
35	ha	ha	INTJ	_	21 shouts	discourse
36	!	!	PUNCT	_	21 shouts	punct
37	ha	ha	INTJ	_	21 shouts	discourse
38	!	!	PUNCT	_	21 shouts	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	practise	gerund				tree rules
2	keep up	present	boys = boy	a continual noise		vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent noise=Theme
3	make a condition, not said to happen	present · passive		a successful hit	the thrower obj	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: subject=Beneficiary thrower=Product
4	shout speech: express	present	practising	the common Kaffir cry of exultation		vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cry=Topic
5	cry		exultation			nom cry «communication intransitive»: of=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/32/10/

🌲 Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Sikulume., sentence 10

The tree

Pragmatics

Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Sikulume., sentence 10