Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Sikulume., sentence 13
Kaffir boys above the age of nine or ten years are fond of shamfighting with sticks.
Who acts: Kaffir boys · What happens: be
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Sikulume.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kaffir boys), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kaffir | Kaffir | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 boys | compound |
| 2 | boys | boy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 fond | nsubj |
| 3 | above | above | ADP | _ | 5 age | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 age | det |
| 5 | age | age | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 boys | nmod |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 years | case |
| 7 | nine | nine | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 10 years | nummod |
| 8 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 9 ten | cc |
| 9 | ten | ten | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 7 nine | conj |
| 10 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 age | nmod |
| 11 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 fond | cop |
| 12 | fond | fond | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 shamfighting | case |
| 14 | shamfighting | shamfighting | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 fond | obl |
| 15 | with | with | ADP | _ | 16 sticks | case |
| 16 | sticks | stick | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 shamfighting | nmod |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 fond | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | Kaffir boys above the age of nine years | of shamfighting with sticks; fond property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/32/13/