Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Sikulume., sentence 16
In these contests pretty hard strokes are sometimes given and received with the utmost good humour.
What happens: give, receive · To what, where: hard strokes, contests
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Sikulume.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 contests | case |
| 2 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 3 contests | det |
| 3 | contests | contest | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 given | obl |
| 4 | pretty | pretty | ADV | _ | 5 hard | advmod |
| 5 | hard | hard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 strokes | amod |
| 6 | strokes | stroke | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 given | nsubj:pass |
| 7 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 given | aux:pass |
| 8 | sometimes | sometimes | ADV | PronType=Ind | 9 given | advmod |
| 9 | given | give | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 received | cc |
| 11 | received | receive | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 given | conj |
| 12 | with | with | ADP | _ | 16 humour | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 humour | det |
| 14 | utmost | utmost | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 humour | amod |
| 15 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 humour | amod |
| 16 | humour | humour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 received | obl |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 given | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give | present · passive | hard strokes | this contests | sometimes property | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||
| 2 | receive | participle | with the utmost good humour | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/32/16/