Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Sikulume., sentence 19
A space is marked off, within which the one chased is allowed to take breath, when he is said to be in the bush.
Who acts: one · What happens: mark off, chase, allow, take, say, be · To what, where: space, one, breath, animal, bush · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Sikulume.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 space | det |
| 2 | space | space | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 marked | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 marked | aux:pass |
| 4 | marked | mark | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | off | off | ADP | _ | 4 marked | compound:prt |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 allowed | punct |
| 7 | within | within | ADP | _ | 8 which | case |
| 8 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 13 allowed | obl |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 one | det |
| 10 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 allowed | nsubj:pass |
| 11 | chased | chase | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 one | acl |
| 12 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 allowed | aux:pass |
| 13 | allowed | allow | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 marked | conj |
| 14 | to | to | PART | _ | 15 take | mark |
| 15 | take | take | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 13 allowed | xcomp |
| 16 | breath | breath | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 take | obj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 said | punct |
| 18 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 21 said | advmod |
| 19 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 said | nsubj |
| 20 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 said | aux:pass |
| 21 | said | say | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 breath | conj |
| 22 | to | to | PART | _ | 26 bush | mark |
| 23 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 26 bush | cop |
| 24 | in | in | ADP | _ | 26 bush | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 bush | det |
| 26 | bush | bush | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 said | ccomp |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 marked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mark off | present · passive | a space | vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: subject=Destination | |||||
| 2 | chase | participle | the one not said here | vn chase-51.6 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | allow | present · passive | the one | which obl | vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP S»: subject=Beneficiary clause=Eventuality | ||||
| 4 | take not said to happen | to-infinitive | the one not said here | breath | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent breath=Theme | ||||
| 5 | say speech: assert | present · passive | animal | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic | |||||
| 6 | is | to-infinitive | the bush | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/32/19/