Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Sikulume., sentence 22

The calves of the kraal are under the care of the boys, and a good deal of time is passed in training them to run and to obey signals made by whistling.

Who acts: calves · What happens: be, pass, run, obey, make, whistle · To what, where: care, good deal, training, signals, time

This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Sikulume.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (calves), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 calves	det
2	calves	calf	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 care	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 kraal	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 kraal	det
5	kraal	kraal	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 calves	nmod
6	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 care	cop
7	under	under	ADP	_	9 care	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 care	det
9	care	care	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 boys	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 boys	det
12	boys	boy	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 care	nmod
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 passed	punct
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	21 passed	cc
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 deal	det
16	good	good	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 deal	amod
17	deal	deal	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 passed	nsubj:pass
18	of	of	ADP	_	19 time	case
19	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 deal	nmod
20	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	21 passed	aux:pass
21	passed	pass	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 care	conj
22	in	in	ADP	_	23 training	case
23	training	training	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 passed	obl
24	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	21 passed	obj
25	to	to	PART	_	26 run	mark
26	run	run	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	21 passed	advcl
27	and	and	CCONJ	_	29 obey	cc
28	to	to	PART	_	29 obey	mark
29	obey	obey	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	26 run	conj
30	signals	signal	NOUN	Number=Plur	29 obey	obj
31	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	30 signals	acl
32	by	by	SCONJ	_	33 whistling	mark
33	whistling	whistle	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	31 made	advcl
34	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 care	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is	present	the calves of the kraal		the care	of the boys	tree rules
2	pass	present · passive		a good deal of time	training	calves = calf obj	vn give-13.1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient they=Theme
3	run	to-infinitive					vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	obey	to-infinitive		signals			vn abide_by-93.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent signal=Theme
5	make	participle		signals not said here			vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset
6	whistle	gerund					vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
7	deal			time			nom deal «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/32/22/

🌲 Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Sikulume., sentence 22

The tree

Pragmatics

Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Sikulume., sentence 22