Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Sikulume., sentence 33

At that time of life they usually begin to practise the different dances which they will be required to take part in when they become men.

Who acts: boys · What happens: begin, practise, require, take in, become · To what, where: different dances, part, men

This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Sikulume.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boys), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	At	at	ADP	_	3 time	case
2	that	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	3 time	det
3	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 begin	obl
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 life	case
5	life	life	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 time	nmod
6	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 begin	nsubj
7	usually	usually	ADV	_	8 begin	advmod
8	begin	begin	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	to	to	PART	_	10 practise	mark
10	practise	practise	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 begin	xcomp
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 dances	det
12	different	different	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 dances	amod
13	dances	dance	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 practise	obj
14	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	18 required	nsubj:pass
15	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 required	nsubj:pass
16	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	18 required	aux
17	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	18 required	aux:pass
18	required	require	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	13 dances	acl:relcl
19	to	to	PART	_	20 take	mark
20	take	take	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	18 required	xcomp
21	part	part	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 take	obj
22	in	in	ADP	_	20 take	compound:prt
23	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	25 become	advmod
24	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	25 become	nsubj
25	become	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	20 take	advcl
26	men	man	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 become	xcomp
27	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 begin	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	begin	present	boys = boy		time	usually property	vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
2	practise	to-infinitive	boys = boy not said here	the different dances			tree rules
3	require	future · passive		the different dances		boys = boy nsubj:pass	vn order-58.3-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic
4	take in	to-infinitive		part			vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent part=Theme
5	become	present	boys = boy	men			vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

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🌲 Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Sikulume., sentence 33

The tree

Pragmatics

Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Sikulume., sentence 33